So the case for a speculative component is a lot stronger this time around. But — and this is important — the speculation is not being driven by financialization, by all those index fund investors going long. Cotton hoarding seems to be taking place at the level of individual Chinese farmers and factories, with no indication that they’re being influenced by the futures market. And iron ore hasn’t been available for futures-market speculation: the first futures markets there came into existence just a few days ago.
For at least some commodities, then, we’re seeing a real demand boom, which may be getting reinforcement from speculative hoarding, but with this speculation taking old-fashioned forms rather than involving Wall Street.
Now, what about food prices?
Not much evidence of hoarding, as far as I can tell. So this is straightforward supply and demand. Demand may be up to some extent because of that emerging-market boom. But if you look at the FAO reports it becomes clear that the key thing for cereals prices is that production is down in advanced countries, largely owing to terrible weather. And yes, it’s likely that climate change has played a role.
This is what we've been saying all along.
